Minerals that underpin economies and the energy transition.

Gold is valued as an investment asset, a reserve holding and an industrial material. Its durability, scarcity and global liquidity support demand across financial, jewellery and technology markets.

Copper is a highly conductive and recyclable metal used throughout power, construction, transport and manufacturing systems.

Lithium is a lightweight metal used primarily in rechargeable batteries for portable electronics, electric vehicles and stationary energy storage.

Base metals are widely used industrial metals such as copper, zinc, lead and nickel. Their markets are closely connected to construction, manufacturing and infrastructure investment.

Critical minerals are materials considered important to economic security, advanced manufacturing or the energy transition and exposed to potential supply constraints.